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204 THIRD PERIOD^MODERN TIMES

are almost entirely taken from preceding authors. Hemard indicates
by the term deschapellement (decrowning) the removal of the crown of a
tooth for curative purposes. He speaks of this operation as of a method
but recently introduced into therapeutics; but, and very reasonably, too,
he shows himself somewhat hostile to such a method of cure.
As to what concerns the anatomy of the teeth, Hemard's book does not
contain anything original. The following passage, transcribed by Portal,^
shows luminously that Urbain Hemard, instead of making researches of
his own, has simply copied the Italian Eustachius, translating the latter
almost literally. The beauty of it is that Portal had not noticed the
plagiarism in the least, since he says that if Urbain Hemard had taken
into account the researches of Fallopius and Eustachius as well, his book
would have acquired still greater value. But, in truth, he has taken into
account, and has valued the researches of Eustachius so much as to palm
them off as his own! We here quote, side by side, with a paragraph taken
from Hemard's book, the corresponding passage of Eustachius, that our
readers may be convinced of the truth of what we have stated:

EUSTACHIUS. HEMARD.
aperta utraque maxilla occurrunt leur ayant ouverte I'une et I'autre
. . . . . .
incisores, canini, ac tres molares, nimirum machoire, j'y ai trouve seulement les dents
secundus, tertius et quartus; partini mucosi, incisoyres, les canines, et les trois mache-
partim ossei, non obscurae magnitudinis, lieres de chaque couste de machoire; a
suisque praesepiolis undique vallati: s9avoir la seconde, la troysieme et la qua-
trieme, lesquelles estoit partie osseuses
parti mucillagineuses, de mediocre grandeur,
garnies a I'entour de leurs petits estuis
incisoribus autem et caninis docta manu ou alveoles. Et depuis ayant tirees dehors
detractis, tenuissimum interstitium vix lesdictes dents incisives et canines, il se
osseum factum conspicftur; quo pari dili- trouve un entre-deux osseux; lequel ayant
gentia amoto, obviam veniunt totidem pareillement oste, il se presente de dessoubs
incisores et canini pene mucosi et longe autant de dents incisives et canines, toutes
minores, qui post alios priores in propriis presque mucillagineuses, representant la
caveis latentes, singuli singulis e regione substance d'un blanc d'ft'uf a demy cuite
oppositi collocati essent, nisi utriusque moindres pourtant que les precedentes
maxillae caninus magna ex parte proximo estant cachees dans les mesmes estuits
incisori incumberet.^ eumcpie propterea fere apres les premieres.
occultaret."
Primorum molarium et genuinorum qui Quant est des premieres machelieres
circa septennium ac longe etiam postea ori- et des gemeles qui a sept ans, ou long-
untur, fateor me nullum vestigium vidisse. temps apres commencent a sortir, je con-
fesse n'en avoir trouve jamais aucune
trace n'y commencement.

* Histoire de I'anatomie et de la chirurgie, Paris, 1770.
^ Hemard has omitted translating this passage, probably because he dni not well under-
stand it.