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while those of the upper jaw are placed nearly perpendicu-
larly with respect to the jftw.
The upper grinders have commonly three fangs, two situ-
ated on the outer part of the tooth, and one on the inner ;
the inner fang is very oblique in its direction, and is larger
and rounder than the others. Those of the under jaw have
two fangs, one placed forwards, the other backwards ; they
are rather flat, and continue broad all down their length.
Sometimes molares of the upper jaw are met with having
four distinct fangs. I have one with five fangs, which is the
only one I ever saw.* The molares of the under jaw now
and then have three fangs.
The third molaris is called dens sapientiae ; it is smaller
than the others, its body is rather rounder, and the fangs are
not so regular and distinct. They often appeal' as if squeez-
ed together, and sometimes there is but one fang. The den-
tes sapientise of the lower jaw often have their fangs curved,
and sometimes they are so much inclined inwards, as scarce-
ly to rise above the ridge of the coronoid process.
The incisores of the upper jaw being much broader than
the same teeth in the under jaw, cause the other teeth to be
placed farther back in the circle, than the corresponding-
teeth on the lower jaw ; hence, in a well formed mouth, when
the teeth are shut close, the central incisores of the upper
jaw come over the central and half of the lateral incisores
of the lower jaw. The lateral incisor of the upper jaw cov-
ers the half of the lateral incisor, and more than half of the
cuspidatus of the under jaw. The cuspidatus of the upper
jaw falls between and projects a little over the cuspidatrs
and first bicuspis of the under jaw. The first bicuspis of

Fauchard gives a plate of one having five fane?.