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GLOSSAEY OF TECHNICAL TERMS AND PHRASES. 291
cavity and another cavity or on the surface, as, a salivary fistula; an anal fistula, a
recto-vaginal fistula." Webster.
"(Pathology.) Any abnormal opening into a natural canal or hollow organ.
A long, narrow canal caused by diseased action and not disposed to heal because of
'
morbid conditions. ' Standard Dictionary.
' An unnatural channel leading from a cutaneous or mucous surface to another
'
free surface or terminating blindly in the substance of an organ or part." Foster's
Medical Dictionary.
"An abnormal tube-like passage in the body." Gould.
'
' A narrow track or canal leading from a free surface, and extending more or
less deeply to some seat of local irritation ; or it may be constituting an abnormal
communication between two or more cavities, as in the case of a vesico-vaginal fis-
'
tula. ' Quain.
Note : It will be noticed from the above that the word fistula ia used with two distinct mean-
ings ; one, an abnormal passage for the discharge of a normal secretion from a normal cavity, as a
salivary or urinary fistula ; the other, an abnormal passage for the discharge of an abnormal secre-
tion (pus) from an abnormal (abscess) cavity. The first of these meanings seems to be the favored
one, and in view of the fact that the definition of the word sinus as applied to such a tract, is identi-
cal with the second meaning of fistula, it would seem to be very desirable to use the word sinus in
speaking of such a tract from which pus is discharged, and the word fistula in speaking of such a
tract from which a normal secretion is discharged.
Formula names. A system of naming dental instruments based on the measure-
ment of their working parts. See text.
Fossa. (PI. Fossa?.) A round, or angular depression in the surface of a tooth.
Fossa? occur mostly in the occlusal surfaces of the molars, and in the lingual surfaces
of the incisors.
Fungous. Pertaining to the fungi.
Funous. (PI. Fungi.) The lowest order of plants. They are destitute of
chlorophyl and grow in the dark as well as in the light. Microorganisms belong to
this class.
Gelatinoid. Gelatin-like. Having the appearance of gelatin. Used in describ-
ing masses that have the general appearance of gelatin but which are not of the com-
position of true gelatin.
Gelatinoid plaques. Masses of microorganisms in zooglea form, or inclosed
in a gelatinoid substance and attached to the teeth. See Zooglea.
Germicide. Any agent that destroys germs, as microorganisms, plasmocites,
Jtc, or the virus of infectious diseases; as the boiling temperature, mercuric
bichlorid, formalin, carbolic acid, etc. See note on antiseptic, disinfectant and
germicide under Antiseptic.
Gingiva. (Plural, Gingivae.) That portion of the gum tissue covering the
alveolar process, surrounding the borders of the enamel of the teeth next to the
cementum and filling the interproximal spaces. Gums, is often used as the synonym
of gingivae. But gums includes the firm fibrous tissue covering the palatal processes,
while gingivae is restricted to the gum tissue close about the teeth.
Note: This word is very generally used in the plural form. It is derived from the Latin:
Gigno, genui, genitum, which was probably obtained from the Greek. In varying forms it seems to
have maintained a place in the Latin throughout its active use as a spoken language. A large number
of English words are derived from the various Latin forms. Latin dictionaries define the original
words thus : To beget ; to bear ; to bring forth ; to produce. In the passive form ; to be born
to spring " Quacumque animal
; arise ; proceed, etc. parrient in capita gignunt. Pliny, 10, 64,
Bring forth their young head foremost." Harper's Latin-English Dictionary.
The word gingiva, or the plural gingiva?, seems to have had a wide use, and had special refer-
ence to that portion of the gums which gave birth to, or produced, teeth ; or lay immediately
about them, as in this idiomatic expression, " Interdentum et gingivam. Celcus, 6, 13 " ; literally,
between the gums and the teeth
; but meaning in a close place. This is akin to " by the skin of his
teeth," sometimes heard in English.
The Standard Dictionary — Twentieth Century Edition — gives the plural form only and author-
izes the spelling gingtve instead of gingiva?: The gums; gingival, of or pertaining to the gums.
Produced by aid of the gums ; as gingival sounds.
The American Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 1902, gives Gingiva, PI. Gingiva?: The gums;
the fleshy structure that covers the alveolar border of the jaw. Gingival, pertaining to the gum or
gums.
Gould's Medical Dictionary : " Gingival. Pertaining to the gums. Gingival line. A blue or
purplish line along the gums where they meet the teeth, indicative of chronic lead poisoning. Also
GLOSSAEY OF TECHNICAL TERMS AND PHRASES. 291
cavity and another cavity or on the surface, as, a salivary fistula; an anal fistula, a
recto-vaginal fistula." Webster.
"(Pathology.) Any abnormal opening into a natural canal or hollow organ.
A long, narrow canal caused by diseased action and not disposed to heal because of
'
morbid conditions. ' Standard Dictionary.
' An unnatural channel leading from a cutaneous or mucous surface to another
'
free surface or terminating blindly in the substance of an organ or part." Foster's
Medical Dictionary.
"An abnormal tube-like passage in the body." Gould.
'
' A narrow track or canal leading from a free surface, and extending more or
less deeply to some seat of local irritation ; or it may be constituting an abnormal
communication between two or more cavities, as in the case of a vesico-vaginal fis-
'
tula. ' Quain.
Note : It will be noticed from the above that the word fistula ia used with two distinct mean-
ings ; one, an abnormal passage for the discharge of a normal secretion from a normal cavity, as a
salivary or urinary fistula ; the other, an abnormal passage for the discharge of an abnormal secre-
tion (pus) from an abnormal (abscess) cavity. The first of these meanings seems to be the favored
one, and in view of the fact that the definition of the word sinus as applied to such a tract, is identi-
cal with the second meaning of fistula, it would seem to be very desirable to use the word sinus in
speaking of such a tract from which pus is discharged, and the word fistula in speaking of such a
tract from which a normal secretion is discharged.
Formula names. A system of naming dental instruments based on the measure-
ment of their working parts. See text.
Fossa. (PI. Fossa?.) A round, or angular depression in the surface of a tooth.
Fossa? occur mostly in the occlusal surfaces of the molars, and in the lingual surfaces
of the incisors.
Fungous. Pertaining to the fungi.
Funous. (PI. Fungi.) The lowest order of plants. They are destitute of
chlorophyl and grow in the dark as well as in the light. Microorganisms belong to
this class.
Gelatinoid. Gelatin-like. Having the appearance of gelatin. Used in describ-
ing masses that have the general appearance of gelatin but which are not of the com-
position of true gelatin.
Gelatinoid plaques. Masses of microorganisms in zooglea form, or inclosed
in a gelatinoid substance and attached to the teeth. See Zooglea.
Germicide. Any agent that destroys germs, as microorganisms, plasmocites,
Jtc, or the virus of infectious diseases; as the boiling temperature, mercuric
bichlorid, formalin, carbolic acid, etc. See note on antiseptic, disinfectant and
germicide under Antiseptic.
Gingiva. (Plural, Gingivae.) That portion of the gum tissue covering the
alveolar process, surrounding the borders of the enamel of the teeth next to the
cementum and filling the interproximal spaces. Gums, is often used as the synonym
of gingivae. But gums includes the firm fibrous tissue covering the palatal processes,
while gingivae is restricted to the gum tissue close about the teeth.
Note: This word is very generally used in the plural form. It is derived from the Latin:
Gigno, genui, genitum, which was probably obtained from the Greek. In varying forms it seems to
have maintained a place in the Latin throughout its active use as a spoken language. A large number
of English words are derived from the various Latin forms. Latin dictionaries define the original
words thus : To beget ; to bear ; to bring forth ; to produce. In the passive form ; to be born
to spring " Quacumque animal
; arise ; proceed, etc. parrient in capita gignunt. Pliny, 10, 64,
Bring forth their young head foremost." Harper's Latin-English Dictionary.
The word gingiva, or the plural gingiva?, seems to have had a wide use, and had special refer-
ence to that portion of the gums which gave birth to, or produced, teeth ; or lay immediately
about them, as in this idiomatic expression, " Interdentum et gingivam. Celcus, 6, 13 " ; literally,
between the gums and the teeth
; but meaning in a close place. This is akin to " by the skin of his
teeth," sometimes heard in English.
The Standard Dictionary — Twentieth Century Edition — gives the plural form only and author-
izes the spelling gingtve instead of gingiva?: The gums; gingival, of or pertaining to the gums.
Produced by aid of the gums ; as gingival sounds.
The American Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 1902, gives Gingiva, PI. Gingiva?: The gums;
the fleshy structure that covers the alveolar border of the jaw. Gingival, pertaining to the gum or
gums.
Gould's Medical Dictionary : " Gingival. Pertaining to the gums. Gingival line. A blue or
purplish line along the gums where they meet the teeth, indicative of chronic lead poisoning. Also
