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GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TEEMS AND PHRASES. 285
Cement, n. An adhesive filling material, like oxyphosphate, oxychiorid of
zinc, etc.
Cement, v. To fasten by an adhesive substance. An inlay or cast filling is
cemented in place.
Cementum. A special calcified tissue which covers the roots of the teeth. It
has lacunae and canaliculi, but differs from bone in having no Haversian canals.
Centigrade. One hundredth part of a circle. An angle of twenty-five centi-
grades is a right angle and equals ninety degrees of the astronomical circle, or eight
points of the mariner's circle. One centigrade equals three and six tenths (3.6)
degrees.
Cervical, a. Pertaining to the cervix or neck. Used formerly in a sense
somewhat similar to that in which gingival is now used. See Gingival.
Cervix, n. Neck. The portion of the crown of the tooth near its junction with
the root has been called the cervix, or neck.
Childhood period. In dentistry this is reckoned from the first appearance of
teeth until the roots of all of the permanent teeth, except the third molars, have
been completely formed. It is only after that time that the teeth can be treated
in all respects as the teeth of the adult. This is usually about the fifteenth or six-
teenth year.
Childhood period op the permanent teeth. The period from the first appear-
ance of the permanent teeth until their roots are fully completed, except the third
molars. See Figure 187, Vol. 1.
Chitin. The hard shell-like covering of insects.
Chitinoid. Chitin-like; resembling the hard covering of insects.
Chitinous. Consisting of or resembling the hard covering of insects.
Clamp forceps. A special forceps for placing the rubber dam clamp.
Clamp, rubber dam. An instrument made to set on teeth over the rubber dam
to hold it in place, or over which the rubber dam may be thrown. It is made of
spring steel, and, in applying it, it is opened with a special forceps, placed in position
and allowed to close on the tooth with the force of its spring.
Classification of cavities into artificial groups. In a classification of cav-
ities, it is the intention to group together in classes cavities of decay that require
a similar line Of treatment, in order that these may be more closely associated.
Class 1. Cavities beginning in structural defects in the teeth; pits and fissures.
These are located in the occlusal surfaces of the bicuspids and molars, in the occlusal
two-thirds of the buccal surfaces of the molars, in the lingual surfaces of the upper
incisors, and occasionally in the lingual surfaces of the upper molars.
Class 2. Cavities in the proximal surfaces of the bicuspids and molars.
Class 3. Cavities in the proximal surfaces of the incisors and cuspids which
do not involve the removal and restoration of the incisal angle.
Class 4. Cavities in the proximal surfaces of the incisors which do require
the removal and restoration of the incisal angle.
Class 5. Cavities in the gingival third — not pit cavities — of the labial, buccal
or lingual surfaces of the teeth.
Classes 2, 3, 4 and 5 are all smooth-surface cavities. They all occur in positions
in which the surfaces of the teeth are habitually unclean.
Class name, of an instrument. A name applied to a definite class of cutting
instruments describing the form of blade; as hatchet, hoe, spoon, etc.
Cleavage. The line of easy splitting of crystalline or stratified substances. To
split along the length of the grain; as in splitting wood. The act of splitting the